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世界文化遗产--镇国寺 |
| 日期：2023-11-27 点击数：2 |
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镇国寺，原名京城寺，创建于五代时北汉天会七年（公元963年）。京城寺的寺名，到明代嘉靖十九年（公元1540年）被“镇国寺”所取代。明、清时，寺庙倾颓，清代嘉庆二十年（公元1815年），才重修万佛殿，重修后的殿宇，仍保持了原来的风格。中国佛教寺院建筑精美、壮丽．不仅具有佛教的特征，还体现出中国古代传统建筑的特色．是中华文化宝藏的一部分。平遥镇国寺有着重要的历史文化价值以及丰富的旅游资源。
镇国寺属全国重点文物保护单位，位于山西省平遥县城北郝洞村，位于世界文化遗产平遥古城东北方向15公里，大殿始建于北汉天会七年（公元963年），清嘉庆二十一年（公元1816年）重修，在佛殿内梁架上留下许多题记墨迹及寺中现存的碑刻，提供了可靠的历史佐证。
这座寺院最早创建于五代，距今有一千多年的历史，从寺内碑文可知，元明利用隙地，前筑山门天王殿，和左右钟鼓二楼，后建三佛楼和东西厢房，观音、地藏二殿，清雍正、乾隆年间重修东西两廊。为了有利于僧人修行，所以把寺庙修建到了山上或一些偏僻的地方。一般的佛教寺院建筑它的第一个特点就是设有山门，而一般山门都有三个门，中间一个大门，常盖成殿堂形式，两旁各配有一个小门，因此又称之为“三门”，是为了象征三解脱门之意，即空门、无相门、无作门。佛教中认为入三解脱门，即可得到解脱，寺院的山门是佛界和俗界的交界处，三门并立，显示出佛门的神圣，这里两边小门上所题的词也显示出了这一点，分别为“崇虚”“垂幽”，佛教中指真理的本体无所不在，但无形象可见，虚无即是有而若无，实而若虚之意，“幽”则幽静、幽闭，一方面意为幽幽的环境，但更为幽静的学佛的诚心。
前院居中者为万佛殿。这座殿宇造型独特，平面近正方形，屋顶为单檐歇山式，出檐深远，庞大的七辅作斗拱，总高超过了柱高的2／3，使殿顶形如伞状，在历代寺庙建筑中颇为罕见。此殿，始建于五代，殿貌奇古，结构奇特，从建筑的艺术上别具一格，是国内现存五代时唯一的木构建筑。
万佛殿内，中央为佛坛，长与宽均为6.09米，正中设立须弥座，上塑释迦牟尼坐像。旁边站立迦叶、阿南二弟子。连佛、弟子、菩萨、金刚、供养人共有11尊塑像。这些塑像，面目丰满、腴润，身躯高大、健壮，躯干微曲，塑造手法近似唐塑风格，饱含五代时塑像的风韵。
镇国寺内的古建筑，以万佛殿为最，在我国现存的木结构建筑中，仅晚于五台山南禅、佛光二寺院，这处殿堂整体梁架结构严密，用材规格，符合力学原理，工艺精湛，作工精细，1000多年来岿然如故。
镇国寺后院，东为观音殿，西为地藏殿，中为三佛殿，除观音殿外，各殿内塑像俱存，三佛殿内，还存有明代壁画。
镇国寺内杂树交荫，绿叶蓬松，院内龙爪槐形似撑伞，枝干曲屈，交织如网，颇具古风，趣味盎然。
World Cultural Heritage —— Pingyao Town State Temple
Zhenguo Temple, formerly known as Jingcheng Temple, was founded in the seventh year of the Northern Han Dynasty (AD 963). The temple name of the capital Temple was replaced by the "Zhenguo Temple" in the 19th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1540 AD). In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the temple collapsed. In the 20 years of Jiaqing (1815 AD), the Hall of Ten thousand Buddhas was rebuilt. After the restoration, the temple still maintained the original style. Chinese Buddhist monasteries are exquisite and magnificent. It not only has the characteristics of Buddhism, but also reflects the characteristics of ancient Chinese traditional architecture. Is part of the treasure of Chinese culture. Pingyao Town State Temple has an important historical and cultural value and rich tourism resources.
Town the temple belongs to the national key cultural relics protection units, located in pingyao county, Shanxi Province north hao hole village, is located in the world cultural heritage northeast of pingyao city 15 kilometers, the hall was built in the northern han day will seven years (AD 963), qing jiaqing 21 (1816 AD), in the temple beam left many inscription ink and temple in the existing inscriptions, provides a reliable historical evidence.
This temple was first founded in the Five Dynasties, with a history of more than one thousand years. From the inscriptions in the temple, the Yuan and Ming Dynasties built the front of the Temple of the King of the gate and the second floor of the bell and drum, the two halls of Guanyin and the wing rooms, and the two corridors during the reign of Yongzheng and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. In order to facilitate the practice of the monks, the temple was built to the mountains or some remote places. The first feature of the general Buddhist temple building is that it has a gate, and the general gate has three doors, a gate in the middle, often built into the form of the hall, both sides with a small door, so it is also called "three doors", is to symbolize the meaning of the three liberation door, that is, empty door, no phase door, no door. Buddhism thought in three door, can get relief, the gate of the temple is the Buddha and common boundary, three parallel, show the sacred of the Buddha, here on both sides of the small door topic word also shows this, respectively "empty" "hang" secluded ", Buddhism is the truth of ontology, but no image visible, nothing is no, if no, if virtual," secluded " is quiet, secluded, on the one hand, meaning the secluded environment, but more quiet buddhist sincerity.
The center of the front yard is the Hall of ten thousand Buddhas. The temple has a unique shape, nearly square plane, a single eaves, profound eaves, huge seven auxiliary brackets, the total height of more than 2 / 3 of the height of the column, making the top of the temple like an umbrella, which is very rare in the temple buildings of the past dynasties. This hall, built in the Five Dynasties, the hall appearance is strange, strange structure, from the unique art of architecture, is the only wooden building in the five Dynasties.
In the hall of ten thousand Buddhas, the center is the Buddhist altar, both in length and width of 6.09 meters, and in the middle of the Xumi seat, on the plastic sitting statue of Sakyamuni. Beside beside caye, Anan two disciples. There are 11 statues of Buddha, disciple, Bodhisattva, diamond and donor. These statues, full face, plump, tall, strong, trunk slightly curved, shaping techniques similar to the Tang plastic style, full of the charm of the Five Dynasties statue.
The ancient buildings in Zhenguo Temple are the Hall of Ten thousand Buddhas. Among the existing wooden structure buildings in China, they are only later than the two temples of South Zen on Mount Wutai Mountain and Buddha Guang Temple, and the overall beam structure of this temple is strict |
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